It is worth noting that children possess a weaker antioxidant defense than adults [28, 130]
Animal studies have demonstrated that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can lead to testicular atrophy, disruption of seminiferous tubule architecture, and impaired spermatogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, endocrine dysregulation, autoimmune responses, and epigenetic alterations [4, 5]
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The ADA now recommends CGM at diabetes onset for anyone on insulin or at hypoglycemia risk
Mazzali M, Kanbay M, Segal MS, Shafiu M, Jalal D, Feig DI, Johnson RJ